http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/ en Copyright 05:51 PM Tuesday 07, 2012 IFAC-PapersOnline http://www.ifacpapersonline.com 05:51 PM Tuesday 07, 2012 05:51 PM Tuesday 07, 2012 ET webmaster@ifac-papersonline.net webmaster@ifac-papersonline.net http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42408.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The paper presents the results of research realised in 3D laser scanning and digitization of large size objects of the current production systems. The developed and validated methodology shows the procedure of 3D laser scanning application by the digitization of production halls, machine tools, equipment, etc. The described procedure was tested and validated in chosen industrial companies. The paper also presents achieved benefits and future research goals. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42423.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 To prove the correct behaviour of a distributed control system in any case is to do a closed-loop verification of the control system connected with the plant. Since controller interact with the plant not only via boolean values but via integer-valued data as well, a model of the data processing inside the controller is needed. As formal model we will use the known Net Condition/Event Systems (NCES) and it will be shown exemplarily at the basic arithmetical operations adding and subtracting as well as at the comparison of boolean and integer-valued data how the statements inside the algorithms have to be transformed to the formal model. Consequential, rules will be defined for the transformation of statements with boolean and integer-valued data processing. These will be embedded into the approach of transforming IEC 61499 control system but are not limited to this. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42419.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper examines supply planning for two level assembly systems under lead time uncertainties. It is supposed that the demand for the finished product and its due date are known. It is assumed also that the component lead time at each level is a random discrete variable. The expected cost is composed of the finished product tardiness cost and the component holding costs. The objective is to find the release dates for the components at level 2 in order to minimize the total expected cost. A genetic algorithm is suggested. The proposed algorithm is evaluated with a variety of supply chain settings in order to verify its robustness across different supply chain scenarios. Moreover, the effect of a local search on the performance of the Genetic Algorithm in terms convergence and computation time is investigated. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42425.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 In the article authors present the concept of a quality control system in complex and integrated production systems where, due to the specificity of the product, quality control is performed after the production process is completed. The proposed approach is based on the concept of a three-tier hierarchical model of production process quality control. The lowest tier includes control of defined sets of parameters controlled in individual aggregates of the system. The middle control tier includes a mathematical model of the entire complex production system and coordinates work of the lower tier models. At this tier an expert system is used, with a learning mechanism based on the Bayes' theory, to support the production system operator. The highest control tier provides information about technological specification of the product. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42428.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 In this paper, a problem of line balancing and equipment/workers selection for a transfer line is considered. Such a line is composed of a series of workstations. Each contains one or more workers and pieces of equipment. All the tasks assigned at the same workstation are executed simultaneously. Constraints related to equipment and/or workers compatibility, as well as precedence constraint related to tasks are known. A multi-objective approach is proposed for the design (or reconfiguration) of such lines. The techniques proposed are based on a genetic algorithm of type NSGA-II. The results of the experimental studies are reported. They show the relative efficiency of the approach suggested in comparison with existing work. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42438.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 E-maintenance and i-maintenance are raising the strategic role of maintenance. Therefore, the link between new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and maintenance business logics should be understood. In this paper, a framework which is able to describe, analyse and manage the organizational business models of maintenance, is proposed, in order to help draw a road-map to the implementation of advanced ICTs in maintenance organization. The paper introduces the framework construction and describes how a qualitative measurement system has been set-up for the positioning of companies' maintenance practices. Moreover a validation of the framework through multiple case-study experimentation is presented: four different types of Maintenance Business Models have been identified. Eventually, by associating the individual evaluation of advanced ICTs to the framework, a basis for road-mapping their implementation is identified. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42396.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The goal of the work is to develop a multi-agent model and then a system, which makes it possible to solve different kinds of transportation problems. The work will be compared with several multi-agent methodologies. A general multi-agent model and other specific models which make it possible to solve different transport problems are described. The paper also contains a presentation of a pilot realisation including a selection of the subsequent results obtained during experiments. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42395.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 In this paper, a model of a multi-agent system for modelling and optimising supply chains will be presented. The most popular methodologies of developing multi-agent systems and selected applications of the agent approach to modelling and optimisation of supply chains is described in brief. We also present a pilot realisation of such a system, together with a selection of the subsequent experimental results obtained. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42406.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Alternative movement techniques identification is primordial in many studies of biology, medicine and ergonomics. Few studies in literature propose quantitative techniques to achieve this purpose. Park et al. (2005) proposed a biomechanical index based technique named JCV. This method finds its limits when dealing with three dimensional complex movements. In the present study we propose a modification of this method so that it will be applied to complex movements. We consider a non habitual end effector (Midpoint between Hips). We obtain other indices, 3BJCV, to which a non-supervised clustering technique is applied. We have applied our method to the ingress movements of 37 young and elderly subjects with or without prosthesis entering in a minivan vehicle. Our method allows the identification of the two big classes of ingress movements observed by Ait El Menceur et al. (2008b). http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42412.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 A production planning problem is addressed in the paper. It consists in the determination of a production plan of products to maximize a total utility connected with their manufacture, taking into account a limited amount of types of resources which are necessary for the production. An uncertain version of the problem is considered when an amount of the resources are not precisely known. The formalism of uncertain variables is proposed in the paper to solve this problem. The solution algorithms for two versions of the uncertain production planning problem are presented. It turned out possible to replace the uncertain problems by their deterministic counterparts. A simple numerical example illustrates the solution algorithms. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42422.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The best way to prove the correct behaviour of a distributed control system in any case is to do a closed-loop verification of the control system connected with the plant. As formal model we will use the known Net Condition/Event Systems (NCES) and extend the rule-based transformation of the IEC 61499 control system from former publications to the use of complex function blocks interfaces and integer-valued data types. To use variables of these data types at the condition of ECTransitions, the connecting rules between the interface and the Execution Control Chart are expanded. The modelling of the plant as well as the analysis of the reachability graph are presented using a real manufacturing system. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42402.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a computer-based information system for enterprise integration. ERP integrates information from all functional areas of enterprise to support management processes. The implementation of ERP is expensive and time consuming process but today enterprises have no another way. The effective enterprise management is impossible without on-line information about business processes executed in all functional areas. The ERP implementation is a strategic decision that influences enterprise development for many years and ERP systems should evolve together with enterprises. In this paper the benchmarking methodology is proposed that enables evaluating the implementation of an ERP system in three manufacturing companies completing make-to-order production. The enterprises make small series or single, prototype production. The research is based on benchmarking of the enterprises that implemented ERP systems in the past years. It involves comparison of the most important financial ratios and statistical data extracted from the ERP system. Results of data analysis are a basis for a proposed procedure of ERP evaluation. The procedure enables not only evaluating the ERP system implementation but also determining functional areas that require support, changing business processes or functionality of ERP. The proposed benchmarking methodology presents how much the ERP system is adapted to enterprise requirements. Examples presented are based on a case study of polish enterprises. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42403.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The importance of managing organizational knowledge for manufacturing enterprises has been recognized since decades. This paper addresses two specific aspect of organizational knowledge modelling: (1) capturing organizational knowledge for supporting product development with so called task patterns and (2) evaluation of task pattern use with focus on economics effects achieved. Starting from an industrial case of product development, the paper introduces the concept of task patterns and the method used for development. The evaluation of task pattern use in product development is based on an adaptation of the balanced scorecard approach. The industrial application of task patterns did not only prove feasible and deployable, but resulted also in a number of positive evaluation results. There is reason to believe that lead times can be shortened, the quality of product documentation increases, and the quality of best practices in general seems to improve when using active knowledge models instead of conventional documentation. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42437.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 e-Maintenance is generally understood to be the technology that makes the required information available for the maintenance engineer enabling communication with the supporting system irrespective of where the machine under inspection or maintenance actions is located. Increasing interest in improving overall production efficiency of manufacturing operations, together with technical developments in sensor and analysis equipment and wireless technology has led to accelerated research into e-Maintenance. Findings from a large European research project - Dynamite (Dynamic Decisions in Maintenance) are used to discuss the roles of various actors and roles in the proposed e-Maintenance scheme. The paper also highlights the main challenges faced in developing fully functional and economically optimised e-Maintenance support systems for modern production environments. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42414.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The aging effect can be understood as a deterioration of a machine (tool) that increases a time required to manufacture products. It is highly desirable to minimize the negative influence of this effect, which in case of CNC machine is usually compensated by the increasing of its working speed. Therefore, although a tool efficiency decreases the processing times of jobs (products) can be still kept on the desired level. On the other hand, the increasing of a working speed cases the faster decreasing of a durability of a tool and its premature failure. In this paper, we focus on optimization problems in manufacturing systems, where occur the tool wear of CNC drilling/cutting machine and its compensation at the cost of a durability of a tool. We model such problems by single machine scheduling problems with the aging effect and additional resources with two criteria: time criterion (makespan and maximum lateness) and resource consumption penalty. The objectives are the minimization of time criteria under a given resource consumption and the minimization of resource consumption under a given time criteria. Computational analysis of these problems together with solution algorithms are provided. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42430.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 In this paper, an adaptive failure law model is proposed. It considers operational and environmental conditions which may change over time. It is based on the Cox model where the parameters are estimated from fuzzy logic reasoning. The objective of this article is to determine an optimal business plan, a set of missions, where two maintenance policies are studied. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42418.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This note presents a control synthesis approach for discrete event systems modeled by marked graphs with uncontrollable transitions. It solves forbidden state problems characterized by a set of general mutual exclusion constraints. We prove that the closed loop control can reach a deadlock situation. Using the structural proprieties of marked graph we defined causes of the deadlock situation, and we defined a formal method to avoid it. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42405.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Next-generation of High Speed Machining (HSM) systems demand features such as intelligent monitoring and decision control under uncertainty. A system based on Markov Decision Process (MDP) is presented. The decision control module of this system guides the actions of the operator in peripheral milling processes. Early results are promising. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42424.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The article presents the mechanism of residual stress force appearance at individual stages of the manufacturing process, which is one of main causes of processing inaccuracy. A mathematical description of the phenomenon of operation inheritance and gradual accumulation of errors is introduced. The influence of the technological inheritance on the final processing accuracy is discussed on the example of precise parts manufacturing. A new order of processing is suggested, excluding a number of indirect thermal processing operations. Proposal of comprehensive solution for low stiffness shaping accuracy control unit is presented in the article. Solving the problem is not easy due to the fact that during every part process, the part successively inherits and accumulates errors from previous operations, which is hard do estimate. Two shafts processing technologies - base and recommended - are described. The base variant contains 15 basic operations. The recommended variant is expected to decrease the cycle count as a result of applying new technical solutions. Applying analytical relations leads to increase of processing accuracy while making the process less labour-intensive and producing parts with better outer layer quality. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42400.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper concerns the presentation phase of a knowledge discovery process with use of association rules. The employment of the association rules model, the major technique of data mining, to knowledge discovering from the data of energy consumption is presented. The Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML) and XQuery language are involved to facilitate an environment for the systematic examination of complex mining models. A genetic programming approach to reducing complex association rule models is also introduced in the final part of the paper. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42429.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper presents a procedure for early detection of rolling bearing damages on the basis of vibration measurements. First, an envelope analysis is performed on bandpass filtered signals. For each frequency range, a feature indicator is defined as sum of spectral lines. These features are passed through a principal component model to generate a single variable which allows to track change in the bearing health. Thresholds and rules for early detection are learned thanks to decision trees. Experimental results demonstrate that this procedure enables early detection of bearing defects. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42436.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The paper provides the results of an investigation on the perception of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the process industry. A research question is the main focus of the investigation: which are the technological components enabling the development and improvement of maintenance operations? Since this topic covers a lot of stuff, the research focus is restricted in this paper, according to two guidelines: first, the comprehensive research scope focuses on the new ICT enabling the improvement of Condition Based Maintenance activities; secondly, the paper focuses on the results retrieved through a case study analysis in the process industry. The investigation is based on the assessment of the maintenance maturity of the companies cooperating in the research, in view of the fact that new ICT perception can be influenced by the maintenance management context in which the technologies are evaluated. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42393.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42409.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Operating process plants to control, maintain and manage them remains a complex activity driven by skilled operators. Despite the increasing capabilities of automation and information technologies, only a part of the technical objects of a process plant digitally interact with human beings when performing their tasks. This paper present preliminary work based on the Ambient Intelligence concept in order to improve the digital interaction between human beings and technical devices when sharing common activities. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/42440.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This proposal introduces a conceptual design of self adapting system software to manage sensor failures in factory automation. The approach reconfigures the arrangement of software modules in real time to preserve the required stability of production processes without interrupts. Reconfiguration will be decided by rules from a knowledge base system. This paper discusses conventional, object oriented and agent based concepts, and focuses on modeling of these concepts. For discussion purposes, a real industrial application - a continuous thermo-hydraulic press will be presented as application example. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif