http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/ en Copyright 06:01 PM Tuesday 07, 2012 IFAC-PapersOnline http://www.ifacpapersonline.com 06:01 PM Tuesday 07, 2012 06:01 PM Tuesday 07, 2012 ET webmaster@ifac-papersonline.net webmaster@ifac-papersonline.net http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38958.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The main goal of this paper is to describe a multiagent based control architecture applied to a complex assembly cell in order to prove that the multiagent paradigm is a good alternative to develop agile control systems. By implementing the architecture we want to prove that it can be used for adequately solve requirements of: modularity, promote configuration rather than reprogramming, support various products simultaneously, and legacy controllers integration. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38967.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 In this paper a new robotized inspection system for PCBs is presented. Electrical and optical tests are carried out by the system, using four mobile probes where two micro CCD cameras are mounted. This new approach becomes a costless and quick setup alternative to the currently used spiked beds for those applications of prototyping developments where maximum flexibility is demanded for the inspection system. A computer vision system provides the capacity for optical inspections where visual tests, like part presence/absence or polarity, can be performed. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38947.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 In industrial environments, disturbance handling is a major issue in reconfigurable manufacturing control systems, supporting the fast, effective and efficient response to the occurrence of unexpected disturbances. Those disturbances usually degrade the performance of the system, causing the loss of productivity and business opportunities, which are crucial roles to achieve competitiveness. This paper proposes an agent-based disturbance handling architecture that distributes the disturbance handling functions by several autonomous control units and considers the main types of shop floor disturbances that have impact at planning and scheduling level. The proposed architecture also integrates a prediction component, transforming the traditional "fail and recover" practices into "predict and prevent" practices. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38963.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The development of complex and sophisticated equipment makes necessary to enhance modern maintenance management systems. Conventional Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) reduces the uncertainty of maintenance according to the needs indicated by the equipment condition. This paper describes a novel predictive maintenance system for textile machine systems based upon a neural network approach. This approach avoids the need for costly measurement of system parameters. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that neural networks represent an effective tool in supporting CBM policies. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38956.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The paper presents process identification algorithms based on virtual models design using process data archives and knowledge bases. Associative search methods are used for identification algorithms development. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38944.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The paper presents a theoretical approach and implementing issue for automatic CNC toolpath generation using morphological image processing operators applied to depth map images. This method allows computing cutter compensation for various end mill shapes. Roughing is made using zigzag cuts with a flat end mill, and finishing is done with isoparametric toolpaths using various rounded end mills. An AI-based algorithm and image processing software create CNC machining instructions from depth map image models. The paper also describes a graphical user interface and includes experimental results. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38954.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The goal of the paper is to present a model and algorithms for optimizing the production capacity taking into consideration quality control. The production capacity optimization problem is presented as a task of multi-criterion optimization with discrete, non-linear goal functions. The proposed solution enables finding an optimal configuration of the flow production system which is interpreted as a queuing network. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38961.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper presents a diagnosis system which is separated in two parts: (1) a residual generation task, by using an interval tool and a model with the faults explicitly included, and (2) a residual evaluation task (or decision system), where the signs in the residuals are used to prune the candidate space in order to improve the fault isolation task. The method is illustrated using the DAMADICS benchmark, which is a pneumatically-actuated control valve. This kind of valves are frequently used in control systems of many processing and manufacturing plants. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38949.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper describes the DSOPP platform being built at Dalhousie University to simulate intelligent order promising protocols using an agent-based approach. The unique feature of this platform is that it supports order promising in a distributed network with several decision making stages, each representing a supply chain network. Moreover, promising of orders in each of the stages is based on optimization. The platform will be used to compare and contrast several different order promising protocols. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38964.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The design of safety critical systems that meet dependability (e.g. safety and reliability) criteria is a hard combinatorial problem and there is a need for tools that make use of systematic optimisation algorithms to provide technological assistance. This paper describes a method that combines a Pareto-based multi-objective genetic algorithm with an automated safety analysis process. The aim is to automatically evolve an initial design, which does not meet dependability requirements, to produce a selection of trade-off designs that fulfil such requirements with minimal costs. For the purposes of demonstration, the general problem of dependability optimisation has been constrained to one of optimal redundancy allocation and the approach has been applied to a benchmark problem with results that represent improvement to those reported in earlier works. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38970.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The article describes the approach and the implementation of an equipment based control strategy. Based on a view of subsystems in a production, process or a single machine the control system has to abstract the subunits in an object orientated manner on their methods and properties. The base subunits will run as separated state machines (either on centralized or decentralized control devices) representing themselves to the next control hierarchy level only by said methods and properties. These base subunits form functional subsystems in the same way. Advantages are easy replacement of different base units with the same functionality to the next hierarchy level, high efficiency in construction kit engineering of systems, easy integration of systems to vertical integration attempts - especially in the field of networking and data concentration. The challenge is the implementation on standard industrial PLC systems with a standard industrial EN 61131 like programming language. The example demonstrates the implementation in the most modern test stand for heat meters for the famous German PTB institute, a system with about 1000 physical I/O and measurement points. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38952.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 We investigate the temporal behaviour of completion time estimates derived from scheduling algorithms that are based on the set of already known and accepted orders (static job shop problem). In a dynamic job shop environment, these estimates change over time, typically increasing. This leads to a systematic error in the completion time estimation based on static job shop algorithms. We propose an approach for calculating this systematic error. Furthermore, a method for compensating this error is derived. For some simple examples, the theory is worked out and compared with simulation results. In all cases, the estimates based on the static algorithm can substantially be improved. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38978.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Future manufacturing is envisioned to be highly flexible and adaptable. New technologies for efficient engineering of reconfigurable systems and their adaptations are preconditions for this vision. Without such solutions, engineering adaptations of Industrial Process Measurement and Control Systems (IPMCS) will exceed the costs of engineered systems by far and the reuse of equipment will become inefficient. Especially the reconfiguration of control applications is not sufficiently solved by State-of-the-Art technology. This paper gives an overview of the use of evolution applications for downtimeless system evolution of control applications on basis of the standard IEC 61499. A new approach for the reconfiguration of IEC 61499 based control applications and the corresponding modeling is discussed. This new method significantly increases engineering efficiency and reuse in component-based IPMCS. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38979.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 PISA is a European Integrated Project (IP). It aims to develop intelligent assist systems (IAS) that support the human worker instead of replacing him. Thus, flexibility should not be achieved through fully automated assembly systems but should instead permit a better integration of human workers. PISA was launched in September 2006 and is planned for a duration of four years. PISA involves 18 partners from seven European countries, four large companies, seven SME and seven research institutes/universities. This paper presents an overview of the project, its structure, objectives and content of work. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38938.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38981.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Flexibility and re-configurability are the current paradigms which should be considered in manufacturing systems. To deal with such capabilities, the systems are considered as assembly of intelligent components (mechatronic objects) settled in a distributed control framework. In this paper, Functionality Based Control (FBC) is exploited to enhance flexibility dealing with high reusability of common functional mechanisms in mechatronic objects. The simplification of some activities such as re-designing and reprogramming on component level is an advantage of the approach. FBC incorporates a scheduling mechanism for basic functionalities. This could not only enhance the reuse but also supports the cost and time efficient re-configuration of the system to new production scenarios. While object oriented concepts (namely UML) are used in the design, the implementation of the presented structures is using the current industrial standard for distributed control systems: IEC 61499. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38943.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper describes the system and methods that are used by the offline programming system, TAS, to generate job descriptions for the motion planners used at Odense Steel Shipyard. TAS uses attributes locally defined at each seam end to attach scripts. These scripts specify how the welding torch must behave at the seam ends. This information is collected into job descriptions which is again transferred to a motion planning module. This module calculates how the robot must move in order to fulfill welding specifications without colliding with the environment. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38953.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The definition of soft sensors as an algorithmic or software system, which is intended for real-time design of production processes mathematical models from both current and historical data about these processes is given. The virtual analyzers design methods and algorithms are presented. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38968.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper presents a machine vision system for on-line inspection of large stamped car parts. The vision system includes a CCD camera and an illumination device that permit to obtain two images of the same zone illuminated from two different directions. The acquired images are fused using an energy function in order to eliminate the spurious features originated by glints and shadows of the metallic surface. The defects, if they are present, remain in the fused image and can easily be pointed out. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38941.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Assembly automation is a classical field and well known since the late seventies. Disassembly automation is quite new and comes up approximately 15 years ago. In this paper some ideas and recent research results dealing with "intelligent" automation of assembly and disassembly are presented. Assembly automation is a classical application field of robotics today. Robots will be more and more included in assembly cells. The flexibility of these cells offers possibilities to automate assembling and disassembling of small and medium series. An approach for increasing the efficiency of disassembly cells - disassembly families - discussed. First ideas to introduce mobile robots in disassembly are presented. The premises and new direction in development of assembly and disassembly systems conclude the paper. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38939.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38965.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This work deals with the problem of minimize the waste of space that occurs on a placement of a set of bi-dimensional items inside a bidimensional container with fixed dimensions. This problem is approached with an heuristic based on Simulated Annealing, which is inspired on the physic-chemical process that take place during the recrystallization of a metal. Traditional "external penalization" techniques are avoided through the application of no-fit polygons, that represents collision-free areas for each items before its placement. That gives to the proposed process a more universal character, as external penalization is based on empiric parameters of great influence on the optimization performance. The simulated annealing controls: the rotation and the placement. For each non-placed items a limited depth binary search is performed to find a scale factor that when applied to the items, would allow it to be fitted on the container. The proposed process is suited for non-convex items and containers, and can be easily adapted for related problems, such as container size minimization. Some results are shown with irregular items, non-convex items and containers. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38948.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The subject matter of the study are the automated guided vehicle (AGV) operation synchronisation mechanisms in flexible manufacturing systems, enabling determination of the travel schedules via some preset travelling route intervals. In many practical cases transport operations are repetitive. For this type of systems the transport processes can be modelled as a system of cyclic concurrent processes sharing common resources with mutual exclusion. The processes examination has to guarantee the collision-free and deadlock free AGVs flow. In this paper the problem of determination of the rules coordinating access of the vehicles to the shared travel route intervals, ensuring the collision-free and deadlock-free execution of the repetitive processes was reduced to determination of the sufficient conditions. In particular the problem of searching for a pair is defined in the form of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP)and is solved with use of the logic programming techniques. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38976.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 To analyse and evaluate the different types of COllaborative DEmand & Supply NETworks (CODESNET) is becoming mandatory to pursue effective industrial politics of development for Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The analysis of complex industrial bodies, like clusters of cooperating enterprises, must be based on a formal unambiguous model. The model by which all analyses under development within the CODESNET project are driven, describes a cluster of SMEs in terms of its structure, its organisation and its interactions with the external socio-economic context. From these viewpoints it is possible to represent how efficiently the multi-SME industrial body can operate, be managed and interact with the external markets. The paper aims to give a comprehensive presentation of the SME network model and the "analysis road map" developed in the EU-funded CODESNET project. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/38972.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The paper presents a modern solution for controlling the industrial machines and the manufacturing process in a fodder producing factory. The automation system was chosen such as to allow correct control of whole plant without the need of a computer, using a single programmable logic controller (PLC). Also some interesting software solutions, for controlling some older devices that could not be replaced because of high cost, are presented. Production quality results and future development are also presented. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif