Challenges of Modeling Drilling Systems for the Purposes of Automation and Control
Automatic Control in Offshore Oil and Gas Production, Volume # 1 | Part# 1
Authors
Downton, Geoff
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.3182/20120531-2-NO-4020.00054
Page Numbers:
201-210
Index Terms
Automated Drilling: Managed pressure drilling, Dualgradient systems, Directional drilling, etc.
Abstract
To fully model every aspect of the process of drilling a borehole is still in the realms of research. Great strides are being made to develop high-fidelity models of well-defined domains such as the rig systems, drillstring, rock-bit interaction, fluid control systems and the Earth. Bringing all these models together in any unified manner and proposing a unified control solution to fully automate the whole process is still an exploratory venture. The uncertainty prevailing over the magnitude and spatiotemporal distribution of disturbances to be controlled or rejected by systems best described by non-linear partial differential equations rather than linear approximations, makes for a very challenging control problem. This uncertainty also raises interesting questions on how detailed the models need to be and how this might change our approach to modeling in the future. However technology is never static and certain developments are currently in play that will dramatically improve our capacity to model and control processes which are currently considered too complex to control.
References
Aldred, W., Sheppard, M.C., (1992). Drillstring Vibrations: A New Generation Mechanism. SPE Tech Conf., Washington, DC, Oct 1992, SPE 24582. Aldred, W., Hutin, R., Luppens, J.C., Ritchie, G., (2008). Development and Testing of a Rig-Based Quick Event Detection System to Mitigate Drilling Risks. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference Orlando, Florida, SPE 111757. Chandra, U., (1986). Basic Concepts in Static BHA Analysis for Directional Drilling. 61st Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the SPE New Orleans, Oct. 5-8, 1986, SPE 15467. Baird, J.A., et al, (1985). GEODYN2: A Bottomhole Assembly – Geological Formation Dynamic Interaction Computer Program. SPE Las Vegas, Sept. 22-25 1985, SPE 14328. Birades, M., (1986). ORPHEE 3D: Static and Dynamic Tri-Dimensional BHA Computer Models., 61st Annual Tech. Conf. New Orleans, Oct 1986, SPE 15466. Breyholtz, Ø., Nygaard, G., and Nikolaou, M., (2010). Automatic Control of Managed Pressure Drilling. American Control Conference, Baltimore, June 2010. Barreto Jij´on, R., Canudas-de-Wit, C., Niculescu, S-I., Jonathan Dumon, J.( 2010) . Adaptive Observer Design under Low Data Rate Transmission with Applications to Oil Well Drill-string. American Control Conference, Baltimore, June 2010. du Castel, B., (2012). The Driller’s Brain. SPE Drilling Systems Automation, Technical Section Keynote, March 2012, San Diego, California. Dareing D.W. and B. J. Livesay, B.J., (1968). Longitudinal and Angular Drillstring Vibrations with Damping. Journal of Engineering for Industry, Trans. ASME, Nov. 1968, pp.671-679. Downton, G.C., (2007), Directional Drilling System Response and Stability, Control Applications. CCA 2007. IEEE International Conference, pp.1543-1550, Singapore. Downton, G.C., Ignova, M., (2011). Stability and Response of Closed Loop Directional Drilling System using Linear Delay Differential Equations. 2011 IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control, Denver. Dunlop, J., Isangulov, R., Aldred, W., Arismendi Sanchez, H., Sanchez Flores, J.L., Alarcon Herdoiza, J., Belaskie, J., Luppens, J.C., (2011). Increased Rate of Penetration Through Automation. SPE/IADC 139897. Eustes, A.W., (2007). The Evolution of Automation in Drilling. SPE Annual Technical Conference, California, Nov. 2007. SPE 111125. Fredericks, P., Reitsma, D., Runggai, T., Hudson, N., Zaeper, R., Hernandez, M., (2008). Successful Implementation of First Closed Loop, Multiservice Control System for Automated Pressure Management in a Shallow Gas Well Offshore Myanmar. IADC/SPE Orlando, March 2008, SPE 112651. Geehan, T., Zamora, M., (2010). Automation of Well-Construction Fluids Domain. IADC/SPE Drilling Conference New Orleans, Feb. 2010, SPE 128903. Griffiths, R., (2009) Well Placement Fundamentals Schlumberger, www.slb.com. Hassler, G.L., (1944). Choke valve borehole indicating system. Patent. US 2,352,833. Ho, H.-S., (1986). General Formulations of Drillstring under Large 3-D Deformations and its use in BHA Analysis. 61st Annual Tech. Conf., New Orleans, LA, Oct 5-8, 1986. SPE 15562. Ho, H.-S., (1987). Prediction of Drilling Trajectory in Directional Wells Via a New Rock-Bit Interaction Model. SPE 16658. Javanmardi, Kazem, Gaspard, D.T., (1992). Application of Soft-Torque Rotary Table in Mobile Bay. SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, 18-21 February 1992 Jellison, M.J., Hall, D.R., Howard, D.C., Hall, Jr. H.T., Long, R.C, Brett R., Pixton, D.S., (2003). Telemetry Drill Pipe: Enabling Technology for the Downhole Internet. SPE/IADC Drilling Conference Amsterdam, 19–21 Feb., SPE 79885. Lubinski. A. and Woods, H.B., (1955). Factors Affecting the Angle of Inclination and Doglegging Rotary Boreholes. Drill. And Prod. Prac., API, 165. Millheim, K.K., Jordan, S., and Itter, C. J., (1978) Bottomhole Assembly Analysis Using the Finite Element Method. Jour. Petro. Tech. (Feb.1978), pp. 265-274. Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T.B., Wickens C.D., (2000). A Model for Types and Levels of Human Interaction with Automation. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics – Part A : Systems and Humans, Vol. 30, No. 3, May 2000. Richard, T., Germay, C., Detournay , E., (2007) A simplified model to explore the root cause of stick–slip vibrations in drilling systems with drag bits. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 13 June 2007 Spanos, P.D., Chevallier A.M., Politis, N.P., (2003). Nonlinear Stochastic Drill String Vibrations. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 124, Oct. 2003. Stamnes, Ø,N., Kaasa, G-O., Aamo O.M., (2011). Adaptive Estimation of Downhole Pressure for Managed Pressure Drilling Operations. 2011 IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control Denver, Sept., 2011. Turner, W.E., (2004). Method and Apparatus for transmitting information to the surface from a drillstring downhole in a well. Patent. US 6,714,138. Warren, T., (1998). Rotary steerable technology, Part 1 Technology gains momentum. Oil & Gas Journal, Dec. 21, 1998. Wolter, H., Gjerding, K., Reeves, M., Hernandez, M., Macpherson, J., Heisig, G., Zaeper, R., (2007). The First Offshore Use of an Ultrahigh-Speed Drillstring Telemetry Network Involving a Full LWD Logging Suite and Rotary-Steerable Drilling System. SPE, Anaheim, California, Nov. 2007, SPE 110939. Zamora, M., Simpkins, D., (2005). Development and Application of a 3D-Wellbore Visualization System for Hydraulics Analyses, SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, 23-25 February 2005, Amsterdam, Netherlands Zifeng, L., Xingrui, M., Huang, W., Xisheng , L., (1996). A 3D Analysis of a Bottomhole Assembly Under Large Deflection. SPE Drilling & Completions. Zifeng, L., (1999 a). Fundamental Equations for Dynamical Analysis of Rod and Pipe String in Oil and Gas Wells. SPE 56044. Zifeng, L., (1999 b). Mathematical models for Analysis of Bottom Hole Assembly. SPE 57012.
