http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/ en Copyright 12:26 PM Thursday 11, 2010 IFAC-PapersOnline http://www.ifacpapersonline.com 12:26 PM Thursday 11, 2010 12:26 PM Thursday 11, 2010 ET webmaster@ifac-papersonline.net webmaster@ifac-papersonline.net http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39357.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39407.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Since a few years ago, the tendency has been towards increasing the number of in-vehicle Driver Assistance Systems (DAS). These systems can be more or less useful for the driving but before being integrated in a wide range of vehicles, the compatibility with the driving task must be discussed. A previous study, using on-line subjective workload assessment has shown the limits of such an approach. This paper describes a second experiment whose goal is the design of a workload indicator based on objective and subjective measures by the study of the driving performance when the driver becomes overloaded. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39440.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The human's facial expression plays an important role as media that visually transmit feelings and the intention. In this study, it aims at a support of the effective process for facial expression training to achieve the target expression using computer, as a self training system. And, an interface for users to select a target facial expression and a whole development of an effective expression training system is proposed, as a first step toward an effective facial expression training system. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39435.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper reports result of experiments with a driving simulator in order to answer the following question: What type of support should be given to an automobile driver when it is determined, via some method to monitor the driver's behavior and the traffic condition, that the driver's intent may not be appropriate to a traffic condition? This paper compares soft protection and hard protection from viewpoints to reduce automation surprises as well as to cope with a driver's misinterpretation of warning messages or machine's protective action for avoiding a collision into some other vehicle. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39360.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The human-machine systems field has been represented by IFAC with its own symposium series since 25 years ago. The first conference was held in 1982 at Baden-Baden, Germany. The symposium series is an important part of the IFAC Masterplan with regular symposium events every three years. The multidisciplinary field of human-machine systems science and engineering is well-established and influential in many areas. It has always strongly been linked to automatic control, human-computer interaction, systems engineering, cognitive ergonomics, social impact of automation, and operations research, as well as to many application domains. This plenary paper gives a short historical and methodological overview and, then, presents information about all symposium events of the human-machine systems series. Thereby, organizational information and lists of all plenary papers of all events are reported. The main scientific achievements of the events are highlighted. Finally, the future of the human-machine systems field is briefly discussed. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39437.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 It is often said that "humans must have the final authority over the automation." However, correctness of the above statement is context-dependent, by noting that authority is usually interconnected with responsibility. This paper discusses a necessity of an adaptive function allocation and argues that authority trading from humans to automation may be necessary and appropriate. Moreover, it is claimed that a system-initiated trading of authority can even be useful and indispensable. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39439.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Two independent experiments were performed where we compared measurements of shared situational awareness in a microworld with similar measures in a developmental environment. After presenting how the two experimental settings are similar/ different the results regarding shared situational awareness are presented and compared. The results indicate that the measurement techniques are comparable over settings. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39398.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 In abnormal or emergency situations, correct communication between main control room (MCR) operators is important to safe operation of safety-critical systems such as nuclear power plants (NPPs) and large-scale chemical plants. To improve the communications between MCR operators in NPPs during emergency situations, we developed a standard communication protocol for the emergency operation procedures (EOPs) of Korean Standard Nuclear Plant (KSNP). A general comment from real NPP operators was that the standard communication protocol is expected to increase the safety and economy of NPPs by reducing communication-related human errors. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39361.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 For improving safety and comfort of a human-machine system, the machine needs to 'know' the human operator in the system in a real time manner. If the machine is able to sense the human's state and intent, then the machine's assist to the human can be fine tuned. In relation to the issue, this paper discusses trust, automation surprises, responsibility and authority, with a driver assist system for advanced automobile and an exoskeleton robot suit, called HAL-5, as examples. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39371.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper presents the Living System Theory as a cybernetic model and a tool in which biological methods of adaptation are used to design an adaptive human-computer interface. The rationale is that living systems, particularly humans, adapt to situations based on their goals and objectives. At a high level of information abstraction, it can be reasonably deduced that an interface which adapts in a manner similar to or consistent with living systems would be equally successful in emulating changes in user characteristics, tasks and situations. A comparison of LST to other HCI relevant cybernetic models is made--particularly to social cybernetics and perceptual control theory. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39387.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Improvement of tracking accuracy is an important issue when applying augmented reality to nuclear power plant fleldwork. Tracking accuracy depends highly on the marker arrangement when employing a tracking method using a camera and markers. For those reasons, this study develops a wheel tracking error computation method to compute the tracking error from the marker arrangement and errors in the screen coordinate. An evaluation experiment was conducted using a kind of linecode markers developed before. Experimental results show that the tracking error computation is reliable and the speed of the tracking error computation is affordable to be applied in real time error estimation in NPP fleld work support. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39369.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This study proposes user control and system support as means to facilitate system-driven and user-driven interface adaptations of mobile phones. A hypothetical prototype of mobile phone menu with an additional collection of quickly accessible items, which is called 'hotlist,' was implemented. An experiment was conducted for the evaluation of five different menu types: traditional (T), adaptable (B), adaptable with system support (Bs), adaptive (V), and adaptive with user control (Vc). The results showed that providing the system support to the adaptable menu not only increased the users' perception of the efficiency of selection, but also reduced the menu adaptation time. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39421.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Loading of tank lorries with petroleum products at refineries is associated with spillage that can cause fire and explosion. Reviewing incident reports showed that the overflow prevention system for both the lorry and the depot as well as mistakes made by the driver cause the highest number of incidents. Therefore, improving the existing loading systems including man-machine interaction could minimize the likelihood of spillage. This paper analyzes and recommends improvements to the existing loading systems by means of identifying and eliminating the main causes of the incidents. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39386.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 In this paper, we propose a new near infra-red (IR) vision-based gaze tracking method, which is not affected by facial movements in stereoscopic virtual reality (VR) systems. Our proposed method has following five novelties compared to previous works. (i) By using our gaze tracker instead of a conventional input device, users felt more interested and immersed in the stereoscopic VR system, (ii) by using an IR light passing filter and an IR illuminator, we were able to implement a robust gaze tracker irrespective of environmental lighting conditions, (iii) we used the simple 2D based eye and face gaze estimation method without considering the complicated 3D structure and motion of human eye and face, which could reduce the system complexities, (iv) to prevent the unintended movement of gaze position by natural eye blinking, we discriminated the eye blinking by measuring pupil size. And this information was used for button clicking and mode toggling based on the analysis of user's fatigue. That is, the measured fatigue information of user was used for the mode toggling between gaze tracking mode and the conventional mouse input mode, (v) the proposed method allowed the natural movement of user's head by tracking the IR rhombus-shaped pattern, which was not affected by the change of environmental lighting. Experimental results showed that the gaze estimation accuracy of the proposed method was 0.98 degrees. In addition, the subjective tests showed that the VR application using the proposed method was more interesting and immersive to users than those using conventional input devices. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39420.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This paper describes a study of content and communication processes in multidisciplinary meetings of healthcare professionals, using a Human Factors engineering approach. The goal of the study, which took place in a teaching hospital Toronto, Canada, was to understand the processes of collaboration and information exchange that take place in the meetings, and to identify potential supports for the meetings, including the use of information technology. The methodology included data collection through observation of the multidisciplinary patient care meetings, and quantitative analysis of verbal exchanges in those meetings. The results suggested the need for a standardized approach to information exchange using structured language. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39362.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Beginning with the launch of human factors engineering in 1945, but actually with intellectual roots that go back to at least the school of Scientific Management, the design of human-machine systems (HMS) has been focused on overcoming human limitations and constraining human performance variability. This approach is, however, only warranted if the work environment is simple enough to be tractable. While this may have been the case 50 years ago, it is no longer so. Most work systems today are intractable, due to tight couplings and non-linear interactions. Under these conditions human performance variability becomes an asset rather than a liability, and the goal of HMS design should therefore be to enhance the capabilities of humans rather than to constrain them. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39368.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The creation of wearable systems should take into account human fundamental needs and diversity as well as ecological settings but they are often neglected in favour of core functions. To guide further research and development, we present and discuss issues related to the variety and evolution of human characteristics, psycho-social needs, fashion, legal frames, interactions between technologies, and physical environments. These elements highlight critical assumptions as well as constraints imposed on the features of wearable computers, and on universal access. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39377.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Mobile robots can significantly support human teams in dangerous environments in order to reduce risks. Joint teams of humans and robots take advantage of complementary capabilities in navigation, search and planning. Remote coordination of such teams needs efficient teleoperation interfaces. Mixed reality approaches for remote coordination for human-robot teams are investigated. Evaluation results are presented from first experiments. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39385.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Developments in software and hardware technologies as, e.g. in microelectronics, mechatronics, speech technology, computer linguistics, computer vision, and artificial intelligence are continuously driving new embedded applications for work, leisure, and mobility. Since usability of such appliances turns out to be the main factor limiting complexity, new approaches to interface design are needed. Promising measures for building enhanced usability interfaces are non-intrusive means of interaction as, e.g. gestures and mimics. This paper describes how suitable features can be extracted from camera pictures in real time and presents some real world applications. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39363.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 Ubiquitous computing, ambient intelligence, and all of the related interaction paradigms for our computerized future require the use of modern, abstract development methods. As the complexity and spread of microprocessor based devices increases, so does the need for user oriented adaptation to intelligent environments to include customization of the user interfaces for an uncontrollable number of user types, operating situations, and user preferences. Usability experts and interaction designers must reorient themselves now for the use of model-based methods in the development of user interfaces. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39414.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The development of ADAS (Advance Driver Assistance Systems) increasing security of the driver implies the use of a rigorous method for their design and evaluation. Driving simulators allow rapid prototyping of ADAS systems and ease their evaluation. However, the conducted experimental tests lead to huge amount of heterogeneous data and thus require a complex data analysis process. In this paper, we propose the use of a statistical exploratory data analysis method to explore large experimental data bases in order to put forward the most significant information they include. This method is illustrated on an application to the evaluation of a collision avoidance system in car driving. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39388.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 This research looked at the use of robots in place of humans in urban search and rescue (USAR) missions. The success of USAR missions often rests on the ability of the human to control the robot. This study evaluated the following three control modes for USAR missioning: gamepad, keyboard, and mouse. Task completion time and error count were the performance measures used. The results suggest that for robot maneuvering which requires coordinated control of both robot movement and directing the camera, the use of a game pad achieves higher performance than the mouse or keyboard. On the other hand, for the control of robot arm movement, all three control modes perform equally well. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39383.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The problem of transitioning heart failure patients back to the community is assessed through a review of relevant literature and a set of qualitative studies. Based on the results, information flow and temporal models of patient management are developed. Gaps in existing discharge planning and post-discharge are noted, and opportunities for facilitating patient self-care management through education and telemonitoring are identified. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39419.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The "Method of Culture-Oriented Design" MCD is a structured and comprehensive approach to consider cultural impacts within the development of products and systems for markets abroad. Based on a generic system model that is linked to defined cross-cultural variables localization considerations are systematically supported. This paper describes the application of the MCD for the development of a driver information system for the Korean market. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/Detailed/39411.html 04:00 PM Wednesday 31, 1969 The analog typed interface of main control room in nuclear power plant (NPP) is gradually being replaced to the one suitable for the digital environment. SKN 3,4 Nuclear Power Plant is currently developed in such a way to employ digitalized displays and controls such as computerized procedure system(CPS), large display panel(LDP), and Soft control. The main control room (MCR) of the SKN 3,4 was designed based on the human factors guidelines, which somehow lack of the confidence for the rapidly changing digital environment. The suitable review guideline for the digitalized information displays was developed with an extension to the total digital environment including task environment, hardware and workstation. For the guideline development, tremendous guidelines and technical papers related to evaluation issues of digital environment has been collected, analyzed and transformed to electric database forms and then built on database management system to retrieve the appropriate issues for the practical usage of evaluators-in-field. http://www.ifac-papersonline.net/static/luna/images/ifac/icon-download.gif