Authors: Pool, D. M.; Zaal, P. M. T.; Damveld, H. J.; Van Paassen, M. M.; Mulder, M.

Abstract: Due to a limited understanding of human multimodal motion perception during aircraft control, the definition of requirements for flight simulator motion fidelity is a problem the flight simulation community has struggled with for years. The development of adequate tuning procedures for motion washout algorithms has remained problematic for the same reason. This paper proposes a method for assessment of simulator motion fidelity that makes use of a cybernetic, model-based approach to measuring multimodal pilot control behavior. As illustrated here with data from a recent human-in-the-loop experiment, this approach allows for objective detection of changes in pilot control that result from degraded simulator motion fidelity.

Keywords: manual control,pilot-vehicle systems,flight simulation,motion cueing

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00067

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Lind, M.

Abstract: The concept of situations plays a central role in all theories of meaning and context. and serve to frame or group events and other occurrences into coherent meaningful wholes. Situations are typed, may be interconnected and organized into higher level structures. In operation of industrial processes situations should identify operational aspects relevant for control agent's decision making in plant supervision and control. Control situations can be understood as recurrent and interconnected patterns of control with important implications for control and HMI design. Goal-Function approaches to systems modeling like Multilevel Flow Modeling can be used to represent control situations. The paper will describe an action theoretical foundation for MFM and its use for the development of a theory of control situations.

Keywords: modelling,control systems design,human machine interaction,knowledge representation,complexity

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00042

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Zidi, Issam; Mesghouni, Khaled; Zidi, Kamel; Ghedira, Khaled

Abstract: The paper describes a multi-objective mathematical model for Dial a Ride Problem (DRP) and an application of Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) to solve it. The ultimate aim is to offer an alternative to displacement optimized individually and collectively. Indeed, the DRP is a multicriteria problem, the proposed solution of which aims to reduce both route duration in response to a certain quality of service provided. In this work, we offer our contribution to the study and solving the DRP in the application using the MOSA algorithm. Tests show competitive results on (Cordeau and Laporte, 2003) benchmark datasets while improving processing times.

Keywords: heuristics,dial a ride problem,passenger transportation,multi-criteria optimization,multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00047

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Bouhana, Amna; Soui, Makram; Abed, Mourad

Abstract: Personalized Information System aims to provide the user with relevant information and adapted to his/her needs, preferences and generally to his/her profile. This paper presents two methods of search for personalized information in the field of traveler information system and more precisely in the case of search of itinerary according to the user's preferences. The first method consists in calculating the degree of relevance of an itinerary as compared to whole set of available itineraries. The second method consists in calculating the degree of similarity between the user's profile and an itinerary.

Keywords: personalization,user profile,itinerary search,traveler information

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00062

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Venrooij, Joost; Mulder, Max; Van Paassen, Marinus M.; Mulder, Mark; Abbink, David A.

Abstract: Biodynamic feedthrough (BDFT) refers to a phenomenon where accelerations cause involuntary limb motions which, when coupled to a control device, can result in unintentional control inputs. Biodynamic feedthrough can occur in many different vehicles and under various conditions, which makes it highly relevant to study its mechanisms. In this paper the possible biodynamic feedthrough mitigation techniques are discussed and evaluated. From these, two solution types are regarded to be the most promising. Measures of the first solution type are already commonly applied and consist of passive measures to restrain and immobilize body parts. The second solution type is the model-based cancellation approach, where use is made of a BDFT model to obtain a canceling signal. The model-based cancellation approach is currently investigated.

Keywords: biodynamic feedthrough,acceleration feedthrough,manual control,neuromuscular system

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00056

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Borst, C.; Mulder, M.; Van Paassen, M. M.

Abstract: Although the increased level of automation on the flight deck has resulted in lower pilot workload, improved flight technical performance, and safety enhancements, new problems related to pilot situation awareness and system understanding have also emerged. Issues such as information ambiguities, intent confusion, and counterproductiveness in unanticipated events have become new causes for accidents. Ideally, a cooperative process would be desired, in which the automation enables pilots to function to their full potential by keeping them continuously involved in the decision-making loop. This paper provides an overview of utilizing the Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) approach to mitigate issues in flight deck design. As such, it provides a review of CSE applications in the aviation domain and discusses their main outcomes, state of the art, challenges, and recommendations for future investigations.

Keywords: automation,aviation,cognitive systems engineering,displays,human-machine interface

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00040

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Mizuyama, Hajime; Yamada, Kayo; Maki, Atsuto; Tanaka, Kazuto

Abstract: How to teach and learn a skilled motion efficiently has long been a crucial issue in various fields. This research pays attention to the fact that receiving advice from an instructor often accelerates the process of mastering a skilled motion, and thus assumes that a set of advice given to a learner functions as a trigger that introduces a structural change into how the learner performs the motion. This leads to a state transition model of the process of learning a skilled motion with advice. Taking a basic motion of wok handling as an example, this paper observes several actual processes of learning it with advice and captures and visualizes them according to the model. It further characterizes and compares the processes based on the sequence of advice and how the motion performance changes along it. As a result, it becomes obvious that the process differs among learners and that the instructor determines the set of advice to give based not simply on the observable characteristics of the latest motion performance but more strategically upon the history of the interaction with the learner.

Keywords: embodied knowledge,motion capture,skill development,skill science,skill transfer

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00079

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Kanata, Sayaka; Nakanishi, Hiroaki; Sawaragi, Tetsuo

Abstract: To localize a rover on small planetary body, a method using round-trip propagation delay of radio waves is most promising. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, it is necessary to estimate rotational motion of the small planetary body. A method of localization has been expanded to estimate also the rotational parameters of the small planetary body. The expanded problem includes complex nonlinear and dynamical issues that it cannot be solved analytically. So, the estimation problem has been formulated as an optimization problem to minimize the loss function defined based on the estimation errors derived in comparison with actual measurement data. A solution for the optimization problem has been proposed, which uses Powell's conjugate direction method for local searches. Although this solution does not require calculation of derivatives, it requires a large amount of computation since several forward calculations of the state are required for each minimum search. In this paper, a method to select measurement data is described, which provides as accurate estimation as the original results with reducing the computational amount. The main idea of selection is to conserve the sensitivity of the measurement data. The proposed method to select data is compared with the results using the decimated data of equal interval. Simulation results and experimental results are shown to evaluate computational reduction and estimation accuracy.

Keywords: optimization,reduction of computation,sensitivity analysis,range measurement

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00013

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Dubois, Lieven; Forêt, Jean-Marie; Mack, Philippe; Ryckaert, Leen

Abstract: In modern control rooms operators monitor complex operations which are highly automated and optimized. In normal conditions the automation system keeps the processes at an optimum. In abnormal situations the automation system might generate an avalanche of alarms and messages to which the operator needs to respond in the most appropriate way. Some of these alarm avalanches have lead to serious incidents, with damage and injuries as a consequence. Further to such an incident, guidelines have been published to reduce the workload of operators. This paper discusses the origin of the alarm overload, the measures taken in recent years and the advanced methods which are being developed and applied in industry. More attention should be paid to operator guidance to deal with and to avoid abnormal situations. Model-based reasoning and expert systems offer a good basis for such operator guidance. Recent data mining techniques make it possible to shorten engineering of such decision support systems. Further steps can be taken to automate the workflow between data mining tools and decision support tools for better operator guidance.

Keywords: alarm systems,human-centered design and automation,mental workload,intelligent and agent system,information management,knowledge retrieval,knowledge representation,knowledge execution

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00029

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Van Schaik, F. J.; Roessingh, J. J. M.; Bengtsson, J.; Lindqvist, G.; Fält, K.

Abstract: The Advanced Remote Tower project (ART) studies enhancements to an existing LFV prototype facility for a remotely operated tower: projection on a 360 degrees panorama screen, adding synthesized geographic information and meteorological information, video tracking, fusion of video and radar tracks, labelling, visibility enhancement and surveillance operations with a remotely controlled Pan Tilt Zoom camera. The ART functions have been embedded in the existing Swedish test facility for remote tower operations in Malmö airport Sturup observing Ängelholm traffic about 100 km to the North. They were tuned and validated by 15 tower controllers. Emphasis was on the traffic and situation awareness of tower controllers using remote cameras and projection system for safe operational tower control, replacing direct view on the airport and its traffic. The validation results give valuable information for further development and operational application even outside the Remote Tower application area.

Keywords: remote tower control,validation,air traffic control

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00025

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Glasgow, Adam; Higgins, Peter G.

Abstract: Ability of older adults to use an appliance depends on their mental model of operation. This may depend on transfer of understanding from similar, more familiar technology. Leveraging established mental models creates affordances for operating new technology but may constrain the discovery of advanced functionality. Familiar mental models may also interfere with developing appropriate mental models or interaction behavior. Older adults experience cognitive decline in attention, perceptual encoding, memory (cueing and recall), and self-efficacy. Designing appliances to extend cognitive abilities provides opportunity to prolong functional independence. Concepts from cognitive psychology, human factors, and gerontology are reviewed to explain age-related behavior towards technology to support innovative product development of technologies for older adults with cognitive impairment.

Keywords: cognitive impairment,domestic appliances,elderly,human-centred design,human factors,human-machine interface,man-machine interaction,mental model,working memory,gerontechnology

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00049

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Velasco, G. A. Mercado; Mulder, M.; Van Paassen, M. M.

Abstract: Air traffic controller workload is considered to be one of the most important limiting factors to the growth of air traffic. The difficulty of a traffic control task can be analyzed through examining the problem's solution space, i.e., all possible vector commands that satisfy the various constraints. But apart from deriving metrics for workload, a visualization based on the solution space, resulting in the Solution Space Diagram, could also serve as an aid for alleviating controller workload. An experiment was conducted in which different levels of traffic were tested in order to evaluate the capabilities of the Solution Space diagram. The experiment entailed the task of merging aircraft into a single route and subjects provided subjective ratings of workload at fixed intervals of time. Depending on traffic level, significant effects of the Solution Space diagram were found on the reduction of controller workload.

Keywords: air traffic control,decision support systems,human-machine interface

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00041

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Debril, J.-F.; El Menceur, M. O. Ait; Pudlo, P.; Gorce, P.; Lepoutre, F. X.

Abstract: Measuring the automobile ingress movement is a stage towards the definition of a human physical model exploitable in new vehicles design. A part of information describing the movement is not measurable due to experimental constrains. A 2 stages method is proposed to reconstruct human movement. The first stage aims at building, automatically, a human model adapted to the anthropometry of the subject without manual reshaping on the subject. The second stage uses the human model and carries out a trajectory tracking based on a global optimization of the whole body under articular constraints. Two reconstructions of an automobile ingress movement, realized by considering the whole markers and a reduced number of markers, are compared. The articular coordinates resulting from these 2 reconstructions are correlated at more than 0.86, their average difference is lower than ±4.7° and their RMS is lower than 7°. The proposed method, thus, constitutes a good alternative to calculate the articular coordinates with a reduced number of information to study the automobile ingress movement.

Keywords: human physical model,motion capture,data loss,biomechanics,3D motion analysis

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00061

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Polet, Philippe; Vanderhaegen, Frédéric; Zieba, Stéphane

Abstract: This paper proposes a new alternative to identify and predict intentional human errors based on the consequences of human behaviors. It develops an iterative learning system integrating two main functions. A similarity function aims at comparing an input vector of data with those of a database and finding the known vector of the database that is the most similar to the input one. A learning function aims at correcting the errors between the input vector parameters and those of the database. The proposed formalism for the iterative learning control system is implemented into a neural network and applied to two transportation domains: the train control and the car driving. These applications consist in predicting barrier removal, i.e., non-respect of the train or road rules, achieved by human operators and in using the developed iterative learning system to learn from barrier removal behaviors.

Keywords: human factors,iterative learning control,neural networks,reliability

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00010

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Papenfuss, Anne; Friedrich, Maik; Möhlenbrink, Christoph; Rudolph, Michael; Schier, Sebastian; Schmidt, Markus; Fürstenau, Norbert

Abstract: This paper describes a high-fidelity simulation study with twelve tower controllers within the context of the Remote Airport Traffic Control Center (RAiCe) project. Main objective was the assessment of the operational validity of remote control of one smaller airport with a high resolution video panorama system and an experimental workplace to present these video data, called RTO (Remote Tower Operation)-Console. Furthermore the information acquisition process of the controllers whilst controlling air traffic was analyzed. The central question for developing a remote workplace is: Which information does an air traffic controller need to make safe and efficient decisions while controlling an airport remotely? Until now there is no conclusive evidence which visual information tower controllers receive from their view outside the tower to control air traffic. Nevertheless for smaller airfields with little sensor technology the view outside certainly is one of the most important and comprehensive sources of information. Three variations of the workplace were varied experimentally: first a conventional 200° tower simulator, second the RTO-Console, and third the RTO-Console with additional augmentation of information on the video panorama. Objective eye tracking data were gathered during the simulations runs, together with subjective questionnaire data and interviews. Dwell times for the main information sources were determined to scrutinize the information acquisition process of the tower controller. Altogether, air traffic controllers characterize the RTO-Console as a valid work place for smaller airport. Furthermore, the eye tracking data showed that superimposition of callsigns into the video panorama reduces the head-down time onto the RADAR display.

Keywords: remote tower control,virtual tower,validation,user interfaces,automation,human factors,eye tracking,simulation

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00022

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Maere, Pierre C. P.; Clare, Andrew S.; Cummings, Mary L.

Abstract: This study examined the impact of allowing an operator to adjust the rate of prompts to view automation-generated plans on operator performance and workload when supervising a decentralized network of heterogeneous unmanned vehicles. Background: Future unmanned vehicles systems will invert the operator-to-vehicle ratio so that one operator can control multiple vehicles with different capabilities, connected through a decentralized network. A previous experiment showed that higher rates of replan prompting led to higher workload and lower system performance. Poor performance was associated with a lack of operator consensus for when to accept the automation's suggested prompts for new plan consideration. Method: Three initial rates of replanning were tested on an existing, multiple unmanned vehicle simulation environment that leverages decentralized algorithms for vehicle routing and task allocation, in conjunction with human supervision. Operators were provided with the ability to adjust the rate of replanning. Results: The majority of the operators chose to adjust the rate at which they were prompted to replan. Operators favored particular replan intervals, no matter which initial replan interval they started at. It was found that different initial replan intervals produced differences in mission performance. In addition, increasing amounts of replanning caused the system to destroy more targets but do a poorer job at tracking targets. Conclusion: Operators have preferences for the rate at which they prefer to view automation-generated plans. Allowing operators to institute these preferences influenced the overall mission performance. Further research is necessary to determine the full impact of the operators' strategies for changing the replan intervals on net mission performance. Application: Future unmanned vehicles systems designs should incorporate the flexibility to allow operators to adjust the frequency at which the automation generates new plans for approval.

Keywords: automated guided vehicles,automation,decentralised systems,human-machine interface human supervisory control,mental workload,multimachine,routing algorithms

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00065

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Van Schaik, F. J.; Roessingh, J. J. M.; Lindqvist, G.; Fält, K.

Abstract: Remote control of airports implies application of cameras to replace direct visual observation from airport control towers by projection of the airport and its traffic in a remote control centre. Remote airport control is an emerging technique with benefits for smaller airports mainly, because it reduces the cost of personnel. Surprisingly, hardly any literature can be found to list the required visual objects and phenomena for tower control, i.e. the visual cues that need to be seen for tower control. The composition and validation of the so-called visual cue list for tower control is the subject of this paper. Tower controller task analysis was used to compose a 'long-list' of visual features. The long-list has been presented to a group of operational air traffic controllers to test the need and the circumstances to observe these visual cues. Our analysis shows that most of the visual cues are useful for operational tower control but are not strictly mandatory for applying the rules of the International Civil Aviation Organization. The requirement for visual image resolution of remote tower control is the second subject of the paper. Our analysis leads to definition of a 'short-list' of important safety-related visual objects and phenomena for tower control and the conclusion that state of the art media are just able to provide the required image resolution for visual detection but not for recognition.

Keywords: remote tower control,visual cues,resolution

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00023

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Mercier, Stéphane; Tessier, Catherine; Dehais, Frédéric

Abstract: In the context of missions accomplished jointly by an artifical agent and a human agent, we focus on a controller of the authority dynamics based on a dependence graph of resources that can be controlled by both agents. The controller is designed to adapt the behaviours of the artificial agent or of the human agent in case of an authority conflict occurring on these resources. The relative authority of two agents regarding the control of a resource is defined so as the authority conflict, which appears relevant to trigger authority reallocation between agents as shown by a first experiment. Finally a second experiment shows that beyond the modification of the artificial agent's behaviour, it is also possible to adapt the human operator's behaviour in order to solve such a conflict.

Keywords: adaptive autonomy,authority sharing,human-robot interactions,Petri nets

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00072

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Vanderhaegen, F.

Abstract: This paper proposes a prospective discussion on the concepts of decisional autonomy and its control such as "autonomation" or "autonomisation", applied to human-machine systems. The autonomy of a system requires decisional capacities: capacities to identify a lack of knowledge that requires the definition of an allocation of activities between decision makers, capacities to achieve the allocated activities, capacities to learn from known and unknown situations. They are interpreted in terms of know-how, know-how-to-cooperate and know-how-to-learn. Cooperation between human and machine involves usually static knowledge and is also a way for a decision maker to learn from the behaviours of the other ones. The paper proposes several ways to manage or refine the system knowledge dynamically, and discusses on possible learning capacities. It details a model based on the diagnosis, the prognosis and the trial-and-error functions to optimize the control of known situations or to create new parades facing new situations. A feedforward-feedback system based model is proposed for implementing the autonomy control concepts to automated support tools of human-machine systems.

Keywords: autonomy control,feedforward-feedback learning,cooperation,human factors human error,learning systems

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00070

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Wittbrodt, N.; Gross, A.; Thüring, M.

Abstract: In cooperation with experts of the German air traffic control service provider Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH, researchers of the chair of cognitive psychology and cognitive ergonomics at Berlin Institute of Technology are currently working on the development of a communication environment and a communication concept for the simultaneous remote control of several regional airports during times of marginal traffic. One of their main research questions deals with the identification of factors contributing to the preservation of the required safety level for the new communication environment. For example, it is investigated how the spatial arrangement of different communication media influences the accuracy and celerity of mapping acoustic signals to different airports. The paper presents a summary of the ongoing research project, including a presentation of selected results obtained during an analysis of today's tower communication. In addition, an overview of relevant theoretical aspects from the area of cognitive psychology for a first empirical study is given.

Keywords: remote airport traffic control centre,communication environment,attention allocation,divided attention,acoustical localisation,situation assessment,situation awareness

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00024

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Annebicque, D.; Crévits, I.; Millot, P.; Debernard, S.

Abstract: In the Air Traffic control, many decisions must be taken, quickly. Due to the increase of traffic, these decisions are more and more numerous. It is possible to propose some assistance tools to air traffic controllers in order to help them to make decisions. For that purpose we need to understand how the controllers make these decisions. This paper proposes a knowledge acquisition approach composed of three steps: an analysis of the decision-making process, a multiple criteria methodology, and interviews in order to obtain information, and to develop models. The last part of this paper presents the results we expect to obtain with appropriate interviews and analyse.

Keywords: decision making process,multiple criteria methodology,air traffic control,interviews analysis,choice,sorting and ranking problems,decision support tools

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00007

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Inoue, Satoru; Furuta, Kazuo; Kanno, Taro; Aoyama, Hisae; Nakata, Keiichi

Abstract: The tasks involved in air traffic control (ATC) make heavy demands on the information processing capacities of air traffic controllers. In particular, human factor problems that lead to both major and minor incidents are considered to be a serious problem for ATC in air traffic safety. Since ATC is usually undertaken by a team of controllers, team collaboration is a key issue for keeping good condition in ATC. However, this aspect has not been well studied compared with individual cognitive process. In this research, we examined the functional problems in an ATC system from the human factors aspects, and concluded that a systematic method and models are needed to analyze this problem. Thus, we consider that an effective way to understand user requirements is to analyze user tasks based on actual field data. The aim of this research is to analyze team cognitive processes and team situation awareness in normal (i.e., not accidental) situations for a team of en route air traffic controllers based on the distributed cognition approach so as to better understand current ATC systems. The analysis revealed that the mutual belief model is applicable to team cooperation processes, the role assignment of tasks within a controller team is implicit, and that control plans are implemented smoothly once team situation awareness has been established. A cognitive model of controllers' team cooperation has been constructed based on these findings.

Keywords: air traffic control,cognitive systems,human factors,man/machine systems

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00005

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Dadashi, Nastaran; Wilson, John R.; Sharples, Sarah; Golightly, David

Abstract: Cognitive Work Analysis is an approach to understand work in complex socio-technical environments. Despite the promising advantages of framing cognitive tasks within this model most of the published research is limited to first stages of CWA and developed an abstract understanding rather than tangible design recommendations. In this paper alarm handling in rail electrical control room was chosen as the case study which conducts CWA in order to understand its potential and limitations and to determine the challenges in doing so.

Keywords: gnitive work analysis,cognitive system,human-machine interface,alarm system,railways

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00051

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Urvoy, Carole; Oehme, Astrid; Drege, Christian; Sendobry, Alexander; Klingauf, Uwe

Abstract: This paper describes the procedure and results of field tests conducted to conceptually validate new taxiing guidance-systems for pilots within the German Competitive-Airport Initiative (WFF - Wettbewerbsfähiger Flughafen). The systems tested comprised an onboard navigation unit as well as taxiway lighting. A field test with twelve pilots was conducted at Frankfurt Airport. Eight airline pilots were performing eleven scenarios in two fully equipped test buses; four Airbus test pilots were taxiing seven scenarios with the A320 ATRA test aircraft of DLR German Aerospace Center. The pilot groups differed regarding system ratings. The system concept as such was evaluated as supportive by the users.

Keywords: onboard navigation,taxiway lighting,mental workload,usability,acceptance

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00063

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010

Authors: Bellet, T.; Mayenobe, P.; Bornard, J. C.; Gruyer, D.; Mathern, B.

Abstract: This paper presents the first step of research work implemented by INRETS in the frame of the ISi-PADAS European project, in order to develop a simulation platform able to support a Human Centred Design (HCD) method for virtual design of driving assistances. This HCD tool (called COSMO-SiVIC) integrates a cognitive simulation model of the Driver (called COSMODRIVE) on a virtual Vehicle-Environment platform (SiVIC). From this future tool, it is expected to compare since the earlier stages of the technological design, virtual simulation of driving performances with and without driving assistance, and thus to appreciate the potential benefits, interests and risks of vehicle automation on road safety.

Keywords: driver modelling,cognitive simulation,virtual human centred design,vehicle automation

Identifier: 10.3182/20100831-4-FR-2021.00038

Conference: 11th IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2010)

Location: Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut Cambrésis, France

Start Date: Tue Aug 31 2010 - End Date: Fri Sep 03 2010