Authors: Kitanoski, Filip; Hofer, Anton

Abstract: Hybrid electric vehicles are regarded as a possible solution for the reduction of pollution emissions and for improving the fuel economy. Beside the conventional cooling circuit for the engine, hybrid vehicles need cooling for the electrical drives and for the energy storage systems as well. The development of appropriate cooling systems has the consequence that the number of auxiliary components involved, the weight and above all the energy consumption is increased. Therefore in order to minimize the energy consumption an optimal strategy for the operation of the cooling aggregates is required. In this paper an approach for finding the optimal control strategy of the electric auxiliaries over an apriori defined driving cycle is introduced. An energy minimization problem with constraints given by the maximum allowed temperature of the components is stated. This problem is based on a nonlinear mathematical model of the cooling system. It is shown how the nonlinear continuous time model can be equivalently replaced by a suitable linear discrete time model where some of the variables are confined to take integer values. This allows us to cast the optimization problem as a mixed integer linear program. The proposed approach is demonstrated by an example. For this purpose a cooling system is considered where an electrically driven water pump and an electric cooling fan are involved. As a result the optimal interaction of the water pump and the fan is computed such that the energy consumption of these components is minimized subject to given temperature constraints.

Keywords: Energy Management

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00121

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Mandhata, Uday; Wagner, John R.; Switzer, Fred; Dawson, Darren M.; Summers, Joshua

Abstract: Dynamic control of the steering system’s haptic feedback is required to provide human drivers the appropriate “feel” in steer-by-wire vehicles. A customizable haptic feedback control system architecture that can adjust the steering wheel torque responses to meet the operator’s need for vehicle steering while tailoring the driving experience is presented. The feedback and reference mathematical models, as well as servo-controller, establish a basis to modify the force feedback in the human-vehicle interface. These validated models will be integrated into a real time steer-by-wire test bench for human subject calibration to evaluate the provision of adequate road “feel” to the human operator.

Keywords: Autonomous Driving and Collision Avoidance: Sensor Fusion, Modeling of the Environment, Control Architectures; Active Chassis Systems: Break, Steering, Suspension Systems; Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00002

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Heinz, Matthias; Hillenbrand, Martin; von Brunn, Patrick; Mueller-Glaser, Klaus D.

Abstract: The well established FlexRay bus system allows the adjustment to many configurations and applications. This exibility comes for the price of a huge set of parameters which have to be mandatory correct,to operate the bus system robust and reliable. In this paper we provide a methodology to determine the necessary settings directly from the electric and electronic architecture description, which is developed in the design phase of a vehicle. Our approach includes the calculation of all global and local parameters, frame packing and scheduling. The implementation of the methodology was tested with various modeling data sets. The calculated parameters could be exported in a predefined data structure which was used to seamlessly configure target FlexRay controllers, successfully running a real hardware network.

Keywords: Experimental Modelling and System Identification; Autonomous Driving and Collision Avoidance: Sensor Fusion, Modeling of the Environment, Control Architectures

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00014

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Coraggio, Gaetano; Pisanti, Cecilia; Rizzo, Gianfranco; Senatore, Adolfo

Abstract: A study on the benefits of a moving solar roof for parking phases in a Hybrid Solar Vehicle is presented. A kinematic model of a parallel robot with three degrees of freedom has been developed and validated over the experimental data obtained by a small scale real prototype. The effects of roof design variables are analyzed, and the benefits in terms of net available energy assessed by simulation over hourly solar data at various months and latitudes. The structure of a model based control to achieve the optimal orientation of the solar roof is also presented.

Keywords: Energy Management; Drive-train: Electric, Hybrid Configurations, Influence on Vehicle Systems

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00048

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Amari, Rachid; Chabrier, Florent; Tona, Paolino; Moulin, Philippe

Abstract: The main purpose of this work is to assess the potential benefits of an original nonlinear model predictive control strategy based on a previously developed turbocharger model, compact and pregnant with meaning. The strategy is not based on a standard MPC formulation, since it stems from some approximations and assumptions used to circumvent the differential algebraic nature of the control model. As shown by tests carried out both in a simplified and a more detailed simulation environment, it achieves very satisfying performance. Furthermore, it does not require much calibration, since, once the reference trajectories are chosen, closed-loop behavior can be fine-tuned on line using few parameters. Compared to a preexisting strategy, based on motion planning and feedback linearization, it shows better performance robustness, when significant modeling uncertainties are introduced. Due to the unavailability of an experimental facility at the time of researching, the viability of real-time implementation has not been investigated in depth, though the results of a Software-in-the-Loop assessment suggest that its computational overhead of MPC should be limited, at least when using a short prediction horizon.

Keywords: Gas Exchange Processes: Turbocharging, Supercharging, Variable Valve Technology

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00153

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: He, Lin; Li, Liang; Zhang, Xiaolong; Song, Jian

Abstract: The CVT hydraulic actuation system almost adopt pressure sensors to feedback the pulley cylinder pressure to traction control unit (TCU), which is complex structure, high cost and poor reliability. A new electro-hydraulic actuation system that gets rid of the pressure sensors will be described in detail. It is for the clamping force control of CVT to adopt the bang-bang control and use the piecewise optimal method to control the gear ratio. Then, the rapid control prototype (RCP) of CVT is produced to evaluate the new CVT actuation system. At last, the new electro-hydraulic actuation system and its control strategy are tested on vehicle. The experimental results also con¯rm that the new CVT hydraulic system is stability and rapid response to actuate the CVT variator.

Keywords: Experimental Modelling and System Identification

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00151

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Peyton Jones, James; Muske, Kenneth R.; Schallock, Robert; Avis, Jevon M.

Abstract: A closed-loop pulse width modulated control scheme for three-way automotive catalyst control utilizing feedback from a post-catalyst heated exhaust gas oxygen (HEGO) sensor is presented in this work. The controller manipulates the duty cycle of the pre-catalyst air fuel ratio target perturbations across stoichiometry to regulate the post-catalyst HEGO sensor voltage to a desired target. The controller is demonstrated using an experimental Ford 2.0l Duratec I4 engine with a dual-brick three-way catalyst configuration.

Keywords: Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment; Combustion Modeling and Control: Spark Ignition, Compression Ignition, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00092

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Colin, Guillaume; Bloch, Gerard; Chamaillard, Yann; Ivanco, Andrej

Abstract: Various energy management strategies for a hybrid pneumatic engine are reviewed and a real time neural control strategy proposed. This Neural Network strategy learns off line the optimal control given by Dynamic Programming and the resulting control model is applied on line. The different strategies are simulated with a backward vehicle model for various driving cycles and their fuel consumptions compared. The results show that the Neural Network strategy is better than a classical Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and equivalent to a Variable Penalty Coefficient Strategy with Driving Pattern Recognition.

Keywords: Energy Management; Drive-train: Electric, Hybrid Configurations, Influence on Vehicle Systems

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00042

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Tschanz, Frédéric; Amstutz, A; Onder, Christopher Harald; Guzzella, Lino

Abstract: Upcoming stringent emissions legislations more and more require feedback control of diesel engines raw emissions. For controller design, control oriented, easily identifiable, and portable models of the plant are needed. This paper presents a novel model for diesel engines particulate matter (PM) emissions that aims to achieve the aforementioned requirements. The PM emissions are modeled as relative deviations of stationary base maps. A polynomial approach is used to estimate the influence of the deviation of each input on the PM emissions. The model is easily extendable and can be refined to the user's needs.

Keywords: Experimental Modelling and System Identification; Combustion Modeling and Control: Spark Ignition, Compression Ignition, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00107

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Muratori, Matteo; Canova, Marcello; Guezennec, Yann; Rizzoni, Giorgio

Abstract: The electro-thermal dynamics of Li-Ion batteries for EVs and PHEVs applications is a topic of critical importance today. For applications related to control and diagnostics, the behavior of a battery pack is typically modeled using an equivalent circuit analogy approach. The model parameters, such as the open-circuit voltage and the battery internal resistance, are generally scheduled with respect to the temperature, which is often regarded as static input to the model. However, due to the internal heat generation and the conductivity of the materials, battery cells are characterized by a time-varying internal temperature that may be considerably different from the measured surface temperature. The phenomenon, often overlooked in these simplified models, must be properly accounted for in control-oriented applications, such as battery pack performance analysis, cell balancing, diagnostics and residual life estimation. This work proposes a control -or energy management- oriented model of the thermal dynamics of a prismatic Li-Ion cell, which predicts the internal temperature. Unlike most control-oriented models based on system identification techniques, the proposed approach defines a one-dimensional boundary-value problem for heat diffusion in unsteady conditions, which is solved by applying the Laplace transform and further reduced to a low-order linear model using the singular perturbation method. The model prediction is validated by comparison with the analytical solution of the boundary-value problem, for different charging/discharging profiles, and uses data acquired from experimental studies for additional validation.

Keywords: Energy Storage Systems: Electrochemical Systems, Hydrogen Storage, Charging and Infrastructure; Energy Management

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00190

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Lozoya-Santos, Jorge de Jesus; Sename, Olivier; Dugard, Luc; Morales-Menendez, Ruben; Ramírez-Mendoza, Ricardo A.

Abstract: This paper deals with the modelling of a magneto-rheological damper as a component of a quarter-car model. The objective is to provide an analysis of the transient and frequency behavior of the suspension system in order to evaluate the inherent linearities of two identified models: a complex one and a control-oriented one. The models have a common structure but the effect of the current and the dynamic behavior has different principle. The results show that the design of experiments is a key issue in the identification process. A quarter of a vehicle which includes a control-oriented damper model is identified as well-suited for the synthesis of controllers that perform well in terms of accurate frequency response when compared with that of a quarter-car with a semi-active suspension simulated with experimental data.

Keywords: Active Chassis Systems: Break, Steering, Suspension Systems; Experimental Modelling and System Identification; Systems for Vehicle Dynamics Control: Anti-lock Braking, Electronic Stability Control, Roll Control

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00158

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Peyton Jones, James; Frey, Jesse; Muske, Kenneth R.

Abstract: Recent advances in knock control suggest that stochastic controllers can deliver significantly improved regulatory response while achieving similar transient responses relative to conventional deterministic strategies. The new controllers have used the Cumulative Summation (CumSum) of knock events to determine when control actions need to be taken, and a lookup table based on run length to determine the magnitudes of these actions. In this paper a different stochastic approach is used where the likelihood ratio of the observed knock events is used both to determine when control actions are necessary and the magnitude of these actions. The likelihood-based approach is arguably easier to tune, and its performance, like the CumSum controller, is significantly better than traditional deterministic strategies.

Keywords: Combustion Modeling and Control: Spark Ignition, Compression Ignition, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00035

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Murgovski, Nikolce; Sjoberg, Jonas E.; Fredriksson, Jonas

Abstract: This paper describes the development of a tool for automatic generation of optimal power management strategies. Given the user inputs, which are dynamic vehicle model, driving cycle and optimization criterion, the tool first produces a simplified powertrain model in the form of static maps, before dynamic programming is used to find an optimal torque split which minimizes the chosen criterion. The tool does not require that the vehicle model is transparent, which makes it possible to work on models hidden for intellectual property reasons.

Keywords: Energy Management; Drive-train: Electric, Hybrid Configurations, Influence on Vehicle Systems; Experimental Modelling and System Identification

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00105

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Dincmen, Erkin; Acarman, Tankut; Aksun Guvenc, Bilin

Abstract: In this paper, extremum seeking algorithm is proposed for ABS control of a road vehicle. The algorithm manages to maximize road-tire friction potential by searching the optimum slip ratio on-line. It evaluates the driver steering input information for defining the operating region of the search algorithm, henceforth, in the course of maximizing braking forces, an undesirable decline in lateral tire forces is prevented. Simulation study is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Keywords: Systems for Vehicle Dynamics Control: Anti-lock Braking, Electronic Stability Control, Roll Control

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00017

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Gerard, Mathieu; Pasillas Lepine, William; de Vries, Edwin John Henry; Verhaegen, Michel

Abstract: The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is the most important active safety system for passenger cars, but unfortunately the literature is not really precise about its description, stability and performance. This research improves a five-phase hybrid algorithm based on wheel deceleration and validate it on a tyre-in-the-loop laboratory facility. Five relevant effects are modelled so that the simulation matches the reality. Two methods to deal with the time delays are proposed. It can be verified that the limit cycle of the ABS encircle the optimal braking point without having any tyre parameter a priori known.

Keywords: Systems for Vehicle Dynamics Control: Anti-lock Braking, Electronic Stability Control, Roll Control

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00021

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Chastain, John; Wagner, John R.; Eberth, John

Abstract: Advanced thermal management systems for internal combustion engines can enhance overall engine performance through the use of computer controlled cooling system actuators. The cooling system in existing ground vehicles generally has operational limitations due to the fixed behavior of the wax-based thermostat valve and the crankshaft dependent speed of the coolant pump and radiator fan. Upgrading the traditional thermostat, water pump, and radiator fan with servo-motor driven actuators permit real time computer control to improve temperature regulation and reduce power consumption. In this paper, a factory cooling system configuration and three advanced thermal management system designs have been experimentally investigated on a 4.6L eight cylinder spark ignition engine. A uniform dynamometer and system operating profile was created to evaluate the cooling system performance of each configuration. The experimental test results demonstrated that the smart thermostat valve plus variable speed coolant pump and radiator fan offered at least a 54% power consumption reduction when compared to the emulated factory cooling system configuration. The research findings support the premise that opportunities exist to integrate servo-motor controlled cooling system components to address coolant temperature regulation, power consumption, and flexibility in ground vehicles.

Keywords: Combustion Modeling and Control: Spark Ignition, Compression Ignition, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition; Energy Management

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00007

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Spagnol, Pierfrancesco; Onori, Simona; Madella, Nullo; Guezennec, Yann; John, Neal

Abstract: This paper deals with the aging and characterization of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for life estimation evaluation. The most important aging characteristics of a real driving cycle for hybrid electric vehicle application, such as initial State of Charge (SoC) and Depth of Discharge (DoD), are used to synthesize an aging profile to be reproduced in laboratory based on statistical analysis. Implementing the synthesized driving cycle at higher temperature results in an accelerated aging. Periodic assessment tests are also performed within the aging activity in order to monitor the behavior of two battery aging parameters, namely, resistance and capacity. The evolution of these two parameters is monitored and a general framework for battery parameter estimation based on a predictor/corrector scheme is presented.

Keywords: Energy Storage Systems: Electrochemical Systems, Hydrogen Storage, Charging and Infrastructure

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00186

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Reinold, Peter; Nachtigal, Vitalij; Trächtler, Ansgar

Abstract: In an introduction, the present paper gives a short survey of existing vehicle-dynamics control systems that is based on some examples and thus does not claim to be complete. There is a tendency towards an increased interlinking of these systems and, as a result, a need for flexible automotive testing platforms. As an approach, an electric X-by-wire test vehicle which was designed and mounted for developing and testing new strategies of vehicle-dynamics control is presented. It is built up modularly and provides numerous degrees of freedom that enable a control strategy which is based on an optimization of the tire forces. That strategy is also presented. It takes into account possible actuator breakdowns and uses the redundancy in the vehicle to realize the desired movement even in the case of such a breakdown. An outlook on future possibilities in vehicle-dynamics control resulting from the use of self-optimization is also given.

Keywords: Integrated Motion Control: Direct Yaw Control, 4 Wheel Steering, Active Suspensions and Roll Bars; Active Chassis Systems: Break, Steering, Suspension Systems; Drive-train: Electric, Hybrid Configurations, Influence on Vehicle Systems

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00172

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Lueke, Stefan; Waldbauer, Dirk; Darms, Michael; Komar, Matthias

Abstract: The contribution describes an assistance system, which supports the driver with lateral functions in construction-sites. This system is based on short-range radar sensors for side observation. The observation ahead of the vehicle is based on 77Ghz long range radar and a mono camera. From the camera images, a 3D reconstruction is computed. The result is fused with data of the imaging radar sensor ARS300 using a so-called “Occupancy Grid” approach. Based on this, road boundaries are determined. The contribution shows further how road boundaries can be determined from this grid information. Together with dynamic objects and roadway markings, a current right and left delimitation of the allowed driving corridor is determined and a desired path for the ego vehicle is computed. For the lateral support, a lane centring function is combined with a loose lateral guidance called “virtual wall”. The ”virtual wall” function is described in detail and the resulting performance in a test construction-site with truck dummy vehicle is shown.

Keywords: Adaptive Cruise Control, Heading Control, Lanekeeping, Driver Warning Systems, Systems Based on Car-to-x-communication; Autonomous Driving and Collision Avoidance: Sensor Fusion, Modeling of the Environment, Control Architectures

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00044

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Schmidt, Klaus; Schmidt, Ece Güran; Demirci, Ali; Yuruklu, Emrah; Karakaya, Utku

Abstract: It is expected that the time-triggered FlexRay bus will replace the event-triggered Controller Area Network (CAN) for the high-speed in-vehicle communication in future automobiles. To this end, FlexRay provides a static segment for the transmission of periodic messages and a dynamic segment that is suitable for exchanging event-based (sporadic) messages. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the operation of the FlexRay dynamic segment. In particular, we study how the maximum and average message delays are affected if the ength of the dynamic segment, the message payload, the utilization of the dynamic segment and the priority assignment changes. Our experiments are carried out on a FlexRay network with 6 nodes.

Keywords: Systems for Vehicle Dynamics Control: Anti-lock Braking, Electronic Stability Control, Roll Control

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00127

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Mercorelli, Paolo

Abstract: Camless internal combustion engines offer improvements over traditional engines, in terms of increased torque performance and fuel economy, and decreased emissions and pumping losses. Theoretically, their control flexibility provides electromagnetic valve actuators with the highest potential for improving efficiency. Sensorless control is one of the most important issues with implementations of this new technology. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a hysteresis hybrid observer that combines an extended Kalman filter and hybrid automation, resulting in a sensorless control. The proposed hysteresis strategy allows the avoidance of not only chattering problems but to trade with possible not observable sets. Current is measured and position as well as velocity of the electromagnetic valve are estimated. Real measured data are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords: Experimental Modelling and System Identification; Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00005

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Muhrer, Elke; Vollrath, Mark

Abstract: The EU-project ISi-PADAS aims to integrate driver models into the development process of driver assistance systems. Driver modeling is used to predict whether the driver is likely to not react adequately to the driving situation and the PADAS should intervene. The driver model should also predict possible misuses and errors early in the development process. It is based on empirical investigations. An accident analysis showed that in many rear end accidents drivers probably did not expect that something would happen. Thus, they drove too fast and followed too close and were not able to react when the lead car braked. Inadequate expectations about the lead car may thus be a major factor in causing the accident. A driving simulator study was conducted to examine this hypothesis. In this study, the behavior of a lead car was varied in order to create different expectations. Attention allocation and driver behavior was examined. The results are consistent with the hypothesis.

Keywords: Human Factors in Driver Assistance

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00115

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Lee, Tae-Kyung; Filipi, Zoran

Abstract: Virtual sensing models of combustion emissions variables and the mass air flow rate into the cylinders are proposed to replace physical sensors by predicting effects of each actuator control inputs. The nonlinear combustion processes and gas exchange processes are captured by the high fidelity simulation and subsequently are implemented in the virtual sensor using ANN models. The high fidelity simulation is based on the co-simulation approach combining a one-D gas dynamics model and a quasi-D combustion model. The quasi-D combustion model is capable of capturing the effects of key process variables on combustion, such as air-to-fuel (A/F) ratio, residual fraction, and turbulence. The ANNs are trained on the datasets created with the high fidelity simulation to provide the high prediction accuracy and fast computation time, and subsequently validated on a test sample. Particular benefit of using virtual sensors is the ability to sense variables otherwise difficult or impossible to measure, such as residual gas fraction, and use them for controller development and implementation.

Keywords: Combustion Modeling and Control: Spark Ignition, Compression Ignition, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition; Model-based Calibration; Experimental Modelling and System Identification

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00113

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: Boniolo, Ivo; Corbetta, Stefano; Savaresi, Sergio

Abstract: In this work the problem of attitude estimation of a motorcycle is studied proposing a Kalman Filter to identify the orientation of the vehicle. A new description of the inertial signals acquired by an IMU mounted on the motorcycle is presented to estimate the attitude of the two wheeled vehicle. The estimation performances have been tested both with simulated and experimental data to show the efficacy of the approach.

Keywords: Vehicle State Estimation: Sensor Development, Sideslip Angle Observation, Tire and Friction Estimation; Systems for Vehicle Dynamics Control: Anti-lock Braking, Electronic Stability Control, Roll Control

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.00065

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010

Authors: None

Abstract:

Keywords:

Identifier: 10.3182/20100712-3-DE-2013.90003

Conference: 6th IFAC Symposium Advances in Automotive Control (2010)

Location: Holiday Inn Munich – Schwabing, Germany

Start Date: Mon Jul 12 2010 - End Date: Wed Jul 14 2010